Project Management Methodology Organisations Projects

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Methodology for Organisations Projects. Answer: Methodology Definition To carry out a particular task, set of methodsare used to provide guidelines, which is termed as methodology. PMBOK, PRINCE2, Agile, Waterfall, SDLC etc. are some of the methodologies that are used to manage projects in an organization. For the betterment of the project, there are three methodologies that are very important. Because these yield a streamline approaches for the activities during the execution of the project and help in delivering projects on time. They also provide steps to overcome challenges during the project. Some of these steps are related to budget issues, schedule, over-run and additional potential risk. Project Methodologies PMBoK and PRINCE2 PMBOK and PRINCE2 are two of the most important project management methodologies that are used to manage the project. PMBOK stands for project Management Body of Knowledge and Prince2 Stands for project controlled environment. These two have theirdistinguishes sets of methods which help in managing the project task (Rankins, 2009). The objective that is served by these two methodologies is similar in nature. They are designed and defined to manage the project with all required efforts. It helps in overcoming challenges during the working onthe project. There is a key feature that distinguished them from others. The veryfirst and the most important difference between both of them is that PRINCE2 is a methodology based on process. Whereas on the other hand, PMBOK is a knowledge based methodology. The roles are well defined in Prince2 as compare to PMBOK. PMBOK primarily focuses on the project managers responsibilities. He is the prime source who takes up all the responsibility of the task that has to be completed on time. He is the one who can lead to take measure when anything is wrong. Project manager is the in charge of risk management while working on a project. These risks are scope-creeps, schedule over-run, changes related to technological advancements, lack of resources etc. He is held into an account to resolve these obstacles. In PRINCE2 the role of PM is to be a mediator between board of member and the team. This is a cycle of reporting from team to the board members. Further, he discusses the issues and solution that needs to be taken when there is any risk to be faced. PMBOK is said to be more feasible than PRINCE2(Duncan, 2013). Project life cycle and project methodology PLC also known as Project Life Cycle includes a step by step presentation of project working from the very beginning and till the completion. Initiation, Planning, Delivering and closing are the stages the is included in the project. PRINCE2 methodologies and their methods are very closely staged with respect to the project life cycle. This cycle, begins with project initiation (Advantagelearning, 2016). This determines the primary objectives of the project coupled with the project briefing and risk estimation. There are stages when one has to adopt measures from a successful project management, which further leads to the timely delivery of project. Resulting into timely closing of the same. PMBOK also includes different stages of the PLC,however, owns its respective methods. These methods are teemed as Phases. Initiation phase is the first most phase in PMBOK that includes the feasibility in studying project. Second is the phase primarily related to planning that includes the defining scope and activities to plant out the whole project in respect to Budgeting and schedule estimation. Later third comes execution phase involves activities related to the developments of the ongoing projects as per the needs. During these phases, there are number of risks that will come up and this the same has to be handled by methods that are defined in PMBOK. Fourth phase is relatedto the controlling parameters. There might be times when number of changes are required or arises that need to be implemented or resourced. These are managed effectively and controlled in the phase of PMBOK (Collet, 2016). PMBOK and PRINCE2 are the two distinguished project management methodologies which has their own merits and demerits. These depend on a number of factors that take a selection of particular methodologies during the project. These include Project client, schedule of project, and etc. References Advantagelearning.co.uk. (2016).PRINCE2 2009 Methodology: Principles, Themes and Processes | Advantage Learning. [online] Available at: https://www.advantagelearning.co.uk/prince2/what-is-prince2.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Collet, B. (2016).Bruno Collet: Comparing PMBOK and Prince2 in 1000 words. [online] Brunocollet.com. Available at: https://www.brunocollet.com/2013/01/comparing-pmbok-and-prince2-in-1000.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Duncan, W. (2013).A Guide to Project management Body of Knowledge. 1st ed. [ebook] USA, pp.22-24. Available at: https://www2.fiit.stuba.sk/~bielik/courses/msi-slov/reporty/pmbok.pdf [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Rankins, G. (2009).Comparing PMBoK and PRINCE2 in 2009. 1st ed. [ebook] Australia, pp.22-26. Available at: https://goalgroup.com.au/SiteFiles/goalgroupcomau//C007_ComparingPMBoKAndPRINCE2In2009.pdf [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016].

The Middle Ages Essays - Legal History, Trial By Ordeal,

The Middle Ages During the English middle ages law often took on the form of an ordeal. An ordeal is a method of trial in which the accused was given a physical test that could only be met successfully if he or she was "innocent" in the eyes of God. I will discuss specifically three types of ordeals that were commonly used. I -- Ordeal of White Hot Iron This ordeal was used to test a person's honesty. If a person was accused of lying to an official pertaining to a crime supposedly committed, then the individual would be given a choice. If the accused held the white hot iron and did not get burned by it then he was innocent. If the accused held the iron and was burned then he was considered to be guilty and then punished according to the law. The accused would also be held as guilty if he chose not to undertake the ordeal at all. II -- Ordeal of Fire This ordeal was the only ordeal administered to women accused of cheating on their husbands. The suspected woman, dressed in white cloth, was made to walk through fire. If the clothing singed or turned black, then she was guilty and faced punishment. III -- Trial by Combat Of all medieval ordeals, this one may be considered the most fatal. To settle a dispute in this manner the plaintiff and the defendant would agree to wage a combat with each other until the death. Armor, if allowed would be scanty and only a sword or dagger would be used. Often the event would be conducted in a public meeting place such as the town square. This led to the entertainment aspect of the ordeal. The townsfolk would often demand one arm tied behind the back or have weights tied around each leg to contribute to the fun of spectatorship. While these methods of trial may seem unjust or even cruel by today's standard they were widely accepted by the people on the basis on religious beliefs that God would reign as the supreme judge over the matter. However, rarely did one ever walk away from ordeal by white hot iron with an unblemished hand. And very few times did the "David" slay the "Goliath" in trial by combat. Yet the townsfolk continued to support these events, even after the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 outlawed clerics to take part in the trials. The ordeals lasted unofficially until the early nineteenth century.

To The Age Its Art 1870 1920 essays

To The Age Its Art 1870 1920 essays To The Age Its Art, 1870 - 1920 Dada is the artistic and literary movement reflecting a widespread nihilistic protest against all aspects of Western culture in the late 19th century. In their efforts to express the negation of all-current aesthetic and social values, the Dadaists frequently used artistic methods that were deliberately incomprehensible. Although the Dadaists employed revolutionary techniques, their revolt against standards was based values on a profound belief, stemming from the romantic tradition, in the essential goodness of humanity when uncorrupted by society. The art of the age mocked conventional modes of expression. Expressionism, in arts, is a movement or tendency that strives to express a subjective view of the world through feelings and emotions rather than to depict reality or nature objectively. Sources 1 and 2 represent conventional artwork from the late 19th century. Ingres gave the human figure rhythmic flow and included harmony in his paintings, which exemplified the traditional values and modes of expression. Seurat, Georges was a French painter, who practiced neoimpressionism. He rejected the soft, irregular brushstrokes of impressionism and was in favor of pointillism. Pointillism digresses from the lifelike paintings of the previous era. In source 3, for example, little attention is paid to the individual characteristics of the people. This may have embodied Durkheim and Webers theories of the authority of the individual by the state causing a loss in human creativity and personal autonomy. Van Goghs work represents the ideal of expressionism, which is the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. Source 4 tries to capture the human essence and emotions of his subjects. In source 5 expressionism, the subject matter represents Gauguins interest in dreams and unc onscious. Source 6 shows imaginative subject matter and depictions of fantasy. This demonstrated Freud&apo...

102 Analyzing Monsters and Evaluations Professor Ramos Blog

102 Analyzing Monsters and Evaluations Quick Write Quick Write Our next essay is an evaluation. What does evaluation suggest to you? What monster are you thinking or writing about? Narrow it down to 2 or 3 that you would be interested in learning more about. IGN Dracula Untold Review What do you think is the purpose of the evaluation? Evaluations: What is it and Why do it? Good walk through that explains evaluations more in depth. Even though it is for a program, many of the ideas apply to your Monster evaluations. Monster List of Monsters Monsters Vampires Dracula . . . Evaluation Essay 3 Evaluation: Monster  Prompt Gathering Data You will need to decide on the monster you want to evaluate, and investigate the subject thoroughly. You will need to find your primary sources and scholarly sources. For Example: Dracula or Vampires Primary Sources: Bram Stoker’s novel, Dracula (1898) – Book Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992) – Film Scholarly Sources: Search the  Crafton  library database for your monster or category of monster. Also, Google Scholar is a great search engine for scholarly stuff. Possible search terms: Dracula Dracula critical analysis Dracula vampire Evaluation Notes Writing an Evaluation: It is one thing to offer an opinion, yet it is an entirely different matter to back up a claim with reasons and evidence. Only when you do will readers take you seriously. Explain your mission: Just what do you intend to evaluate and for whom? Are you writing for experts, a general audience, or novices? How much explaining do you need to do so that you audience follows you without getting annoyed with to much information. Establish and defend criteria: Criteria are the standards by which objects are measured. Successful presidents leave office with the country in better shape than when they entered. When readers are likely to share your criteria, you need to explain little about them. When readers disagree or object, be prepared to defend your principles. Remember: Monster Theory (Seven Theses) is a great starting point for establishing criteria.   Offer convincing evidence: Evidence makes the connection between an opinion and the criteria for evaluation that supports it. Supply data to show that a product you judged faulty didn’t meet those minimal standards. Offer worthwhile advice: Some evaluations are just for fun. Done right, most evaluations and reviews provide usable information, beneficial criticism or even ranked choices. We evaluate everything from pizza, restaurants, movies, and even professors. Commentary and criticism of all sorts just happen. Doing them well is another matter. Here is a useful explanation of an evaluation to help you out. The Evaluation Essay Using Sources What are the ways you can use sources in your essay? Explain Provide information Examples Credibility Quotes Research data Ideas! Quote Sandwich One of the most important skills you can learn in academic writing is how to incorporate sources. To help remember this, we will use the metaphor of the quotation sandwich. The Quote Sandwich. Introduce the Quote, Quote, explain the quote. Do not drive by quote. When you quote or use a source you have to explain it and use it. The quote sandwich is why you cannot start or end a paragraph with a quote. Movie Review ‘The Hunger Games’: EW Review Lisa Schwarzbaum is reviewing â€Å"The Hunger Games† movie. Does she acknowledge what her mission is and who her audience is? What criteria does she establish for it to succeed? Does she anticipate her audience’s questions and reactions? Does she address any differences between the book and movie? What is her grade or judgment of the movie? Quick Write What monster are you going to write about? Narrow it down to one or two.

Violence in the Media Contributes to Behavior in Children Research Paper

Violence in the Media Contributes to Behavior in Children - Research Paper Example From the essay it is clear that  the issue of media violence is highly controversial and there has been no common consensus so far. According to some researchers, constant exposure of children to violent content on television, such as shooting, bombings etc., desensitizes them and hampers their emotional development. It is also stated that such exposure may possibly influence them to use it as a normal response when faced with stressful situations. It is also suggested that continuous exposure to violence and violent images, is likely to evoke feelings of fear, anxiety and trauma among children thus resulting in sleeplessness. Some children may find it difficult to differentiate between real and reel life events, thus causing developmental setbacks.As the report discusses the dangerous impact of exposure to violent content on television, is described differently by different researchers. The negative impacts of exposure to media violence is akin to that of smoking or consumption of tobacco, both of which result in life threatening consequences such as lung cancer.  Exposure to violent images and content on television, leads to development of bitterness and hostility among the children, which elicits harsh and intensely emotional responses and reactions when faced with difficult and taxing situations.  Neurologists have argued that extensive exposure to violent television programs and other aggressive content by children.

Reducing Ambiguities in Customer Requirements Through Historical Dissertation

Reducing Ambiguities in Customer Requirements Through Historical Knowledge - Dissertation Example On the contrary, adverse scenarios develop and complex designs are continually expressed, marked by high levels of understandability, verifiability, traceability, and modifiability requirements which are not consistent with intricate situations. The intricate situations increase, creating a design reality for Requirements Engineering processes plagued with uncertainty, vacillation, and visualization. The purpose of this study is to present a more conventional philosophical system of thinking, which is ideally grounded on the value-based approach, and melted down to ideal elucidation process in the rigid scenarios. It will develop a discussion that supports no software engineering may supersede Requirement Engineering. A high degree of quality in Requirement Engineering is paramount to withstand harsh run time errors associated software engineering development. ... 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Proposed Conceptual Method; Cybulsky, J., and K. Reed. 2000. â€Å"Requirements Classification and Reuse: Crossing Domains Boundaries.† In 6th International Conference on Software Reuse, 190–210. Fig. 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Software and Qualitative Analysis; e-Source. (2013). Software and Qualitative Analysis: The Qualitative Research; Sorting and Coding. Office of Behavioral & Social Sciences Research Fig. 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Fig. 5†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ LIST OF TABLES Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Methodologies for Requirements Engineering Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Deductive Analysis Steps Table Table Table Table CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION History has shown that insufficient engineering requirements lead to insufficient engineering products and thus, security risks. Requirements Engineering (RE) consists of development and management and is one of the most important disciplines in the development of Software Engineering (SE) soft ware products. According to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK), software requirements can be defined as â€Å"a property which must be exhibited in order to solve some problem in the real world† (Committee 2004). One of the main practices in RE is the elicitation process of software requirements (see fig. 1). During the elicitation process, requirements are analyzed, specified, and verified (SPC, 2002). Software requirements specifications are derived from the requirements elicitation process (see fig. 1). For requirements to be of quality, they must be correct, complete, precise, consistent, verifiable, modifiable, and traceable (Toval et al. 2002). Successful and effective requirements engineering can improve risk management, quality, reusability, and productivity during the software development process. In this study, ambiguities in new customer

Enlish Methods Of Writing For Junior Cert Essay Example for Free

Enlish Methods Of Writing For Junior Cert Essay Junior Cert English Functional Writing Introduction and Overview The Functional Writing section of Paper I asks the student, in as close as possible, to write in the style of somebody who either uses language for a living, or is conducting business or important matters through writing or speech. This part of Paper I strays away from fiction, but is not entirely devoid of opportunities to use language in a creative or dramatic fashion. In some cases the student may have to use their imagination to provide detail to make their work seem realistic and give it the authentic feel. The marks in Functional Writing are given for the knowledge of the style and tone required for the task, and for the understanding of the format required. Awareness of Audience and Task In all cases in this section, your choice of language, and your use of tone and register will be dictated to you by  · The intended recipient and/or audience.  · Your means of delivery. In short, you can either use a formal or informal style of address. You should take into account the age, status, and size of the audience you are dealing with. Your language should always be trying to create the appropriate impression of both who you are and what youre trying to do. For example, you would use a formal style of address if you were writing a letter to your bank manager asking for a loan to start your own business. Your language would be confident, but not aggressive: informative, but not laboriously so: enthusiastic but not overzealous. The impression created on the bank manager is that you are reliable, competent and trustworthy, and your business will be a huge success. For your own entertainment you might want to write the worst possible letter of application for the same loan- you would be over-familiar, disrespectful, vague, repetitive, and riddled with inaccuracies about yourself and what you want to do. You can then guess what response this would get from the same bank manager going through their morning mail. This then is the key to Functional writing; awareness of the tone you are to take, and the choice of language to use to reinforce that tone. An example of a task that you would be asked to complete with an informal style is to imagine that you have been asked by a club that you are involved with to make a presentation to a class of twelve year old primary school children to encourage them to join. You would be presenting this verbally, so when you would prepare your material beforehand, you would stress key information on several occasions, to avoid having the same basic question repeated infinitely. As your audience would be unlikely to have firsthand experience of what you are taking about, you would use the simplest language possible, and use short, sequential, informative language. You would also use an informal tone, as you would want your audience to think your group would be welcoming and fun, not preoccupied with taking everything too seriously. Here is an example of a completely made-up extract from my very busy diary. Consider the language and tone I would use for each of the following tasks in just one day: 10:00 Book holiday tickets over phone from travel agency. 11:00 Complete and edit report for Boss on efficiency of new sys. 12:00 Address fundraising lunch for Kidney Dialysis unit for Childrens Hospital. 2:00 Write congratulations card for birth of secretarys daughters first child. 3:00 Deliver presentation to investors on Company performance. 4:00 Talk to business journalist about new product range. 6:00 Attend parent-teacher meeting at sons new school. 8:00 Coach under 12 team introduce new training drills. 10:00 Convince very unsympathetic wife that Ive had a long day. At both 12:00 and 3:00 I will be addressing a group of businesspeople. However, there are differences. People will not want to be overly serious at lunch, so I will be able to use a respectful but informal tone. I may even be able to use language that will influence my audience emotionally. However, at 3:00 I will have to be very formal and very structured in my use of language and terminology for the business meeting. Look at the way my 11:00 task is written. Will I get away with that use of shorthand and slang in the report itself? Of course not; what is acceptable as a note for your own use is not acceptable for a report for someone elses reading. Will it be easier to present information to my 3:00 or 8:00 appointment? In the afternoon everybody will be fresh. Will they be as sharp in the evening? Should my card for my secretarys daughter be written with the same tone and language as my report for my employer? All of these questions are central to the idea of functional writing. Make sure what you are doing is appropriate to your task and your audience. Reports. A report can be written for a newspaper, radio programme, or television broadcast. No matter whether its to be read or spoken, start with the most important details first. You should deal with the following sequence of facts; 1) what has happened; 2) how it happened; 3) why it happened. The first section, what, will also include where, who and when. A report doesnt only have to include the facts, it can also include opinions, in the form of quotations from the relevant experts and authorities, and also some degree of speculation as to what will happen next, and what consequences there will be. Unlike a review, the writer is there to convey the truth and facts of the matter. They are to be unbiased, non-judgemental, and let the facts speak for themselves. A good reporter will trust their audience to make up its mind in the right way once it has all the facts. The Tabloid Unlike the Broadsheet, the Tabloid newspaper makes no bones about  choosing sides in a story, and actively tries to persuade its readers to share its opinion. They very much like to take a light hearted approach to news material if at all possible, and frequently use puns in headlines. They also avoid putting in too many views or opinions on any given subject. They like first-hand accounts from people involved in making the news, and will avoid analysis, as they prefer to be very direct in their focus on the story. The tabloid journalist likes to gain an emotional response from their reader, and will not shy away from showing where their sympathies lie in any given story. They will sometimes choose to present deliberately one-sided reports on what may sometimes be very complicated issues. They like stories that involve celebrities or famous people, and avoid serious treatment of political or economic issues as much as possible. They thrive on scandal, and what they believe is the publics insatiable appetite to see what goes on behind closed doors. Tabloids pride themselves on their extremely in-depth sports coverage. The average reading age (age at which a reader would be expected to understand all contents without difficulty) for a Tabloid newspaper is just nine years. Tabloids like simple and short sentences. They use puns and wordplay to highlight and make memorable the key thrust of their story. They avoid using complicated terminology, and long sentences. They also highlight key-points by having several sub-captions to stories, and by using several illustrations to put across the message visually as well. Tabloids have always been traditionally strong on visual information and colour pictures. In recent years tabloids have abandoned over-reliance on the page-three girl feature as they are trying to encourage more women readers. The Broadsheet A broadsheet newspaper is characterised, not only by its large size, but by the attitude it takes towards journalism, and the presentation of news stories. Primarily, a broadsheet will focus on political, economic and lifestyle features. It will present its main stories in a very in-depth and detailed format. They will take a very serious tone with the reader, and will avoid anything that might seem to be trivialising an issue, for example, a pun in a headline. They prefer a serious, sombre, and often  complex approach to news-stories. Broadsheet newspapers examine not only what happened, but how it happened, why it happened, if it happens frequently, what can be done about it, and they will also mention when similar events occurred. They like to find many individuals related to the event, and experts to give quotations and opinions on what has happened. The broadsheet journalist likes to appear impartial and unbiased, and avoids any sense that their emotions might be affecting what they write in any way. They like to convey the impression that they give you the whole truth. Some broadsheet newspapers are physically huge. The average reading age (level of difficulty) for reading a broadsheet and understanding everything in it would be fourteen years, which means you would be able to follow everything. Broadsheets are only now beginning to embrace the possibilities for the use of colour in their papers. Traditionally they have been very black and white affairs, but are increasing the amount of photographs they publish. Reviews. The art of the reviewer is to give the reader just enough a suggestion of what it is youre talking about, just enough to whet their appetite. If you check a Sunday newspaper, you can find reviews of motorcars, concerts, films, restaurants, even hotels! Nothing is too small, or too large to avoid being reviewed. You could be required to write a review of a favourite film of yours, or to write a blurb for the back of a novel. Unlike a report, which is essentially factual, a review gives you far more scope to let your opinions and feelings known. You can say what you liked or disliked about what youre reviewing, and that is almost important as a factual description of what youre reviewing. You can create either a very positive or negative impression on your reader by the tone and language you use. You should assume that your reader has a general interest in the area, but may not be familiar with exactly what youre going to tell them about. It is easy to criticise something, and often after saying how bad something is, you will find yourself repeating your verdict without informing the reader of why, how or what was bad about it. If you are still looking to fill space, try constructive criticism. Any reviewer can pronounce whether something is good or bad; only the inspired reviewer can point out what was done well, and conversely, what opportunities were lost. For example, if you are reviewing the sitcom Friends, then you should fill in the background first for the reader. It is advisable to go into some detail about the characters, and then finally to attempt some analysis of why it is you like or dislike it. Interviews. Q: Whats the difference between an interview and writing dialogue? A: Interviews are essentially pieces of dialogue, but without the qualifying he saids / she saids at the end of each piece of speech. The different parts of the conversation can be put as question and answer exchanges (Q: and A:), or if it is a more informal interview which is very similar to a conversation, then you can call yourself Interviewer, but refer to your subject by their Surname. Keep your questions short, and let your interviewee expand on them. Q: What are the things I should try to do, and what are the most common problems? A: A bad question to ask is anything that would encourage your interviewee to give a monosyllabic answer, of the yes/no variety. A good question is one which gives the interviewee a chance to illustrate with examples from their life, work, or to ponder on events important to their work, lives, and past or future. A good interviewer gets to the point quickly, and their questions will never be longer than the answers they receive. I once interviewed Seamus Heaney while in college, and committed all of the above mistakes. The Sample Answer below I have had to invent to cover my embarrassment! As well as bearing in mind your interviewee, bear in mind the audience who will be reading this interview. You want something  that is informative, but not technical, and which allows the person or subject to come across well to the reader. There was a fashion recently in newspapers for interviews in which you discovered more about the interviewer than the interviewee, but thankfully, this has now passed. Q: So, I basically just make the entire thing up then? But how do I structure it? A: If you are stuck as to where to start, pick an example of an interviewee who would be appropriate, and write out the list of questions you would like to ask them. Then all you need to do is invent their answers, going by what you know of them. If youre still stuck, then ask what theyre doing now, what they were doing previously, and what they hope to be doing in six months time. You can also ask if they have achieved all they want to do, or if they think other peoples impressions of them are important. Bear in mind though that your questions will ultimately depend on who the intended audience for the interview is. If they are your age, then ask questions you think your friends would like to know the answers to. Within reason, of course. Speech Writing The skill of speech writing could be relevant to Personal Writing or Functional Writing. How to write, deliver and appreciate a good speech. The key to writing and delivering a good speech is to remember at all times that the speaker is dealing with an audience. The writer/speaker must also bear in mind at what occasion the speech is to be delivered. A speech to be given at an EGM of a company faced with bankruptcy will be drastically different in its structure, tone, and technique than a speech to be given by the same speaker at a wedding later that week! How to write a speech. (For this section, we will consider a speech as that which a speaker would be called upon to prepare for a debate, or public speaking competition.) First, read your motion carefully. In the Junior Certificate, you will be invited to speak either for or against the topic. In deciding whether to speak for or against the motion, dont necessarily choose the side of the motion which  you support; choose instead the side of the argument that will give you the most arguments to use in your speech. A good idea is to brainstorm all the possible arguments both for and against, and when you see which side gives you more avenues of thought to pursue, choose it. Second, having chosen your side of the debate, decide that the motion is a good or bad idea because ¦This then will become the argument of your speech. The argument is the central theme which you will introduce, build upon and then summarise. Often it is best to have to have three reasons; Example For Capital Punishment is a good idea because ¦ 1. It deters other criminals from committing serious crimes 2. It is cheap, efficient, and labour saving 3. It eliminates the possibility of repeat offences Against Capital Punishment is a bad idea because ¦ 1. Miscarriages of justice cannot be rectified 2. It makes killing right for some yet wrong for others, thus introducing a double standard when there should be a simple statement that murder is a crime 3. Prisons should be for rehabilitating offenders, not for revenge All of the above statements should then be supported by example, but remember, in a debate, your argument is more important than your examples. A good speaker is always restating their argument; a bad speaker is always lost in a fog of example. This is how your argument becomes informative and clear. Third, decide on the structure and tone you want to use in your speech. Some speakers may like to start their speech with a story, anecdote or quotation that will then illustrate their arguments to follow. This gives the speaker a chance to make the speech unique, and make it more relevant than a theoretical discussion of some issue that has never had, or will never have any affect on the speaker. What tone are you going to use? Avoid making sweeping statements, such as we all know what this is going to lead to. Instead, pitch such ideas to the audience in the form of rhetorical questions: Do we want our society to be like this? Avoid the use of too much jargon, and if you are forced to, make sure to define the term immediately after you first mention it, so the audience will be informed for when they will next hear the term. Do not believe that your audience are already experts on this issue you may need to fill them in on the basics  first. Do not do this in a patronising way, but instead say that you want to focus their attention on the key issues. In this way you will be more persuasive, and less arrogant. Too much arrogance and you will end up alienating your audience from your point of view. Opening comments. Depending on the occasion that the speech is to be delivered, start with the most important dignitaries present, and proceed through your list to the end, which is usually your fellow speakers. A standard opening for a school debate would be Chairperson, Principal, Honoured Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Students, Fellow Speakers, I have come before you today to speak on the motion that ¦(insert motion here) ¦ Continue to refer directly to the audience at intervals throughout your speech, and conclude with a summary of all your arguments, and by thanking the audience for their time and attention. Ladies and Gentlemen, having put forward the facts, I beg you to support/oppose this motion, that ¦(insert motion here) ¦ How do you know if you have written a good speech? Imagine you are listening to that speech from the audience. To a member of an audience, no matter where, a good speech will always have the following qualities. 1. It will be suited to the tone of the occasion, whether solemn, or celebratory. 2. It will be informative, but not so technical that it either confuses or loses you. 3. You will be clear at the end of the speech as to why the speaker feels in the way they do about the topic they have spoken on. 4. The speech will emphasise why the issue is important to everyday life, rather that some abstract worry that may never affect you. 5. You will have been given a definition of the issue, and more importantly, a series of suggestions or steps as to how this issue should be dealt with. 6. You will have developed a sympathy for both the speaker and the issue that they spoke upon.